![]() ![]() Approximately 100–130 genes are located along the circular genome structure of chloroplasts. Chloroplast genomes consist of a large inverted repeat (IR) separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region and a small single-copy (SSC) region. Chloroplast genomes are valuable sources of phylogenetic information because of their relatively stable genome structure and higher evolutionary rate relative to mitochondrial genomes. The complete chloroplast genome sequence information regarding the three Veroniceae will be helpful for elucidating Veroniceae phylogenetic relationships.Ĭhloroplast (cp) are photosynthetic organelles that provide energy to green plants ( Douglas, 1990). persica revealed divergent sites, with the greatest variation occurring petD- rpoA region. A comparison of coding genes and non-coding regions between V. Two SSRs (10 bp of AT and 12 bp of AATA) were observed in the same regions ( rpoC2 and ndhD) in three chloroplast genomes. The total number of SSRs was 48, 51, and 53 in V. A total of 112 genes comprising 79 protein coding genes, 29 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes were observed in three chloroplast genomes. sibiricum ranged from 150,198 bp to 152,930 bp. Here, we report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Veronica nakaiana and the related species Veronica persica and Veronicastrum sibiricum. Previous studies of Veronica and related genera were weakly supported by molecular and paraphyletic taxa. 2Department of Biology, The Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea.1Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea.Complement comes from the Latin word for complete.Kyoung Su Choi 1 Myong Gi Chung 2 SeonJoo Park 1 * If one thing compl ements (with an "e") another, it compl etes that thing (e.g., the shoes complete your outfit, or make it perfect). Here goes: the verb complement has an obsolete meaning synonymous with compliment, and another obsolete meaning of "to exchange formal courtesies." And the noun complement too has wholly inappropriate (given the word's modern functions) obsolete meanings, among them "a social quality of accomplishment" and "something added for ornamentation." The only comfort we can offer in the face of such facts is this: English speakers were mostly done with all of these by the end of the 17th century. How neat and tidy it all is! How this pair seems to challenge that "wily creature" characterization of the English language! Except, um, we've left something out. We compliment someone on something they've done-"What a beautiful drawing!"-by offering them a compliment: the statement about the beautiful drawing.Īnd that's really the crux of it: complement is about completing, and compliment is about courtesy especially in the form of admiration, esteem, or approval. Its etymological ties to courtesy are evident in its modern use, where as a noun it most often refers to a remark that says something good about someone or something, and as a verb it communicates the expression of such a remark. Complement is also a verb meaning "to complete or enhance by providing something additional." Compliment UsageĬompliment is the more common of the pair. Sometimes it completes by improving, as in "a hat that is an elegant complement to the suit," and sometimes it completes by filling a need, as in "a team with a full complement of players." It's used in technical contexts too, such as medicine, grammar, and mathematics. A complement can be broadly understood as something that completes something else in some way. The link between complement and complēre is visible in the modern uses of complement and is therefore helpful in remembering the territory the word covers. Compliment, on the other hand, came to English from Middle French by way of Italian and a Spanish word meaning "to be courteous" and "to perform what is due," that Spanish word being a modification of complēre. Both compliment and complement ultimately have their roots in the Latin word complēre, meaning "to complete." The word complement took a rather direct route, entering Middle English from the Latin complementum, which itself came directly from complēre. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |